学 习 沙 龙
_____英语_____子课题组
话题: 优化语篇教学设计 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
发言人 |
陈婷 |
时间 |
2010.10. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
“整体语言教学法”始终将语篇看成是一个具有完备功能的整体。认为它不仅是知识也是智力、情感的载体,既有语言上的功能,知识和认识上的功能,还有道德熏陶、美感培养、思维训练和智力发展的功能。因此,“整体语言教学法”主张:在语篇教学中,教师就应先引导学生去把握语篇这个整体,教学时应从阅读和理解全文开始,然后再逐步挖掘其它教学内容,如课文细节、词汇等;同时,教师应围绕语篇这个整体来同时展开听、说、读、写相互结合的教学活动。 立足“整体语言教学法”,反思目前的小学英语语篇教学,我得到了很多启示: 1、支离破碎地呈现语篇可取吗? 语篇,相对与教材的其它版块来讲,有着新知多、篇幅长的特点。于是,为了降低学习的难度,一些教师硬是把完整的语篇人为地割裂成许多部分,然后借助多样的教学手段一部分一部分地呈现,这样的做法可取吗? 【案例1】 有位教师在教学《牛津小学英语》(译林版)5B Unit8 At the weekends Part A 时,是这样进行课文的呈现: Step1: Watch and answer .(仅仅看课文背景部分动画,并回答问题。听的内容为:It is Friday afternoon. School is over. The students are talking about their weekends.) (问题如下:) ① What day is it today? ② What are the students doing? Step2: Listen and choose. (继续听课文伊始的一小部分,原文为: Mike: How do you spend your weekends, Wang Bing? Wang Bing: I surf the internet. It’s very interesting. I can learn a lot from it. Helen: Do you do it every Saturday and Sunday? Wang Bing: No. Sometimes I go swimming. Sometimes I play basketball. I like sport. How about you? ) (选择题如下) T:Wang Bing _____________ at the weekends. ① surfs the internet ② goes climbing ③ goes swimming ④ plays basketball S: Wang Bing surfs the internet, goes climbing and plays basketball at the weekends. Step3: Read and fill in the blank.(接着听课文下面一小部分,完成表格。听的内容为: Mike: I like sport, too. I often go climbing. Sometimes I like watching TV at home. Helen: How do you spend your weekends, Yang Ling? Yang Ling: I often go to the park. I like playing on the swings.) (表格如下)
Step4: Read and Judge. (读课文的最后一部分,并判断。读的内容为: Helen: I do housework at the weekends. Do you do housework, too? Yang Ling: Of course, I do. I clean the rooms and wash the clothes. How about you, Su Hai? Su Hai: I often watch cartoons. Yang Ling: How does Yang Ling spend her weekends? Su Hai: She often watches cartoons, too. Sometimes we catch butterflies in the park.) (判断题如下) ①( ) Yang Ling clean the rooms and watch cartoons at the weekends. ②( ) Su Yang often butterflies in the park. ③( ) Su Hai and Su Yang both watch cartoons at the weekends. 【问题分析】 这位教师在呈现语篇时用的方法具有典型的代表性。现在许多一线教师都在这样做。表面上,这样的呈现方法条理清晰,一步一步逐个进行,起到了分散难点和帮助学生剖析语篇的作用。实际上,它完全游离了完整、具体的语篇语境,只是在孤立、分散的呈现新知。就这节课而言,语篇的完整情景应该是at the weekends, 而笔者却将完整的情景硬生生的拆分为4个部分,然后一部分一部分支离破碎的呈现。在这个过程中,学生根本无法整体感知语篇,只能机械地做一些毫无联系的听力和阅读练习,这与整体语言教学法的宗旨——在完整的情景中理解和分析语篇是背道而驰的。 【案例探讨】 就以上这节课而言,笔者认为可以采用这样的方式来呈现: Step1. Listen and answer.(听整篇课文,并回答问题) ① What day is it today? ② What are the students talking about? Step2 Watch the whole cartoon and tick in the blank.
Step3. Read and judge. (读课文,并判断) ① Wang Bing surfs the internet every Saturday and Sunday. ( ) ② Mike sometimes listens to music or goes to the cinema. ( ) ③ Helen likes watching TV at school. ( ) Step4. Read and circle. (读课文,并根据短文内容圈出合适的词) Today is (Friday / Tuesday). The students are talking about their (birthday / weekends). Wang Bing often (surfs the internet / play computer games), he can learn a lot from it. … Step5. Retell.(复述课文主要内容) 在这一系列环节中中,教师引导学生紧紧围绕“weekends”这个主题,经历了整体感知语篇——局部细致分析——不同角度、不同形式的再次整体呈现语篇的整—分—整的教学过程。这样做不仅有利于学生多方位、多角度的审视语篇、理解语篇,而且对于学生的理解能力以及综合语用能力的培养都是大有裨益的。 2、断章取义地设计任务有效吗? 伴随着一定的任务来呈现语篇、分析语篇已经成为一线英语教师的共识。但是,由于受传统小学英语教学模式的影响,许多教师任务设计的对象仅仅局限于语篇的各个片段,任务设计的重点也往往固守于单词、句型、语法以及课文表层意思的理解,使得设计的任务零碎散乱、缺乏联系。试问,这样断章取义的任务能够有效促进学生对课文的理解与分析吗?能够有效激发学生的主动性与创造性吗?能够有效培养学生的语言实际运用能力吗? |